Throat Cancer

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms of throat cancer may include:

• A sore throat that does not go away
• Cough
• Pain or difficulty swallowing
• Weight loss for no known reason
• Ear pain
• A lump in the back of the mouth, throat or neck
• 晚期肿瘤可能侵入声带，引起声音嘶哑或呼吸困难
• Bleeding from the throat or blood-tinged sputum

Diagnosis

In making a diagnosis of throat cancer, your doctor will start by recording your medical history, 询问你可能遇到的任何症状，并进行彻底的身体检查. 您的十大赌博平台排行榜也可能会建议您进行以下一项或多项诊断测试:

• Endoscopy 该检查在手术室全身麻醉下进行，以确定肿瘤的范围. During the procedure, 内窥镜显示胃肠道和呼吸道的上半部分, which are long, thin and flexible tubes equipped with a tiny video camera and light on the end. 内窥镜用于检查咽喉和呼吸道中在体检中看不到的区域. Other areas examined include the esophagus, trachea and bronchi of the lungs. 内窥镜有一个通道，允许仪器通过，以便采集组织样本. By adjusting the various controls on the endoscope, 十大赌博平台排行榜可以安全地操作仪器，仔细检查胃肠道和呼吸道上部的内壁. The high-quality picture from the endoscope is shown on a TV monitor. In many cases, endoscopy is a more precise examination than X-ray studies.
• Imaging Tests Your doctor may also recommend imaging tests, such as a computed tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 这提供了关于肿瘤分期的额外信息，以及癌症是否已经扩散到颈部或身体其他部位的周围淋巴结.

Treatments

Surgery

Before having surgery, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会和你详细讨论这个过程，并讨论任何可能的副作用.

If the tumor is small and localized, surgery will often successfully remove the tumor with few side effects. However, if the tumor is advanced and has spread to surrounding areas, 手术范围更广，可能会切除部分喉咙, mouth, jaw or voice box. 在这些情况下，你说话、咀嚼、吞咽和呼吸的能力可能会受到影响.

重建手术可以帮助你恢复容貌，恢复语言和吞咽功能. 口腔内的假体装置可以代替牙齿、牙龈和下颌的部分切除. In more advanced cases, 你可能需要用管子喂食和呼吸，说话时需要人工助听器.

你还将与语言病理学家一起帮助你解决与说话和吞咽有关的问题. In addition, 你可以和营养师一起工作，他们会帮助你制定一个营养计划，包括容易吞咽和咀嚼的健康食品.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy can be used for select small tumors as primary treatment. 对于晚期肿瘤，也可在手术后或与化疗联合使用.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. 研究人员正在寻找治疗喉癌的有效药物或药物组合. 他们还在探索将化疗与其他形式的癌症治疗相结合的方法，以帮助摧毁肿瘤并防止疾病扩散.

For advanced tumors, chemotherapy is often given in combination with radiation therapy, typically in the setting of a therapeutic clinical trial.