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外围 动脉 疾病

Overview

外周动脉疾病(PAD)是一种进行性血管狭窄,通常由动脉粥样硬化引起, 斑块或脂肪物质沿动脉壁内壁聚集. 随着时间的推移, this substance hardens and thickens, which may interfere with blood circulation to the arms, 腿, stomach and 肾脏. Blood circulation to the brain and heart may be reduced, increasing your risk for stroke and heart disease.

虽然PAD可以影响任何人,但50岁以上的糖尿病患者中有三分之一患有这种疾病.

如果不及时治疗,可能会导致严重的残疾,在严重的情况下,可能会导致截肢. 在所有非外伤所致的截肢手术中,高达70%是对患有严重PAD的糖尿病患者进行的.

Our approach to peripheral artery disease

UCSF为外周动脉疾病(PAD)患者提供尖端护理, as well as for those at high risk of developing it. Depending on the individual case, the team may include vascular surgeons, 心脏外科十大赌博平台排行榜, interventional radiologists, 足病医师, 内分泌学家, plastic surgeons or other specialists. 在一起, 他们提供最有效的治疗方法——其中许多是在加州大学旧金山分校开发的——来预防或治疗PAD并阻止其复发.

许多患者可以用非侵入性方法治疗,如改变生活方式、药物治疗或两者兼而有之. More severe cases may require surgery. Our surgeons are known for treating the most complex, technically challenging cases, 比如同时患有糖尿病周围神经损伤并有截肢风险的患者.

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迹象 & 症状

而许多外周动脉疾病(PAD)患者症状轻微或根本没有症状, 大约十分之一的人会经历腿部疼痛痉挛或疲劳, 臀部, thigh or calf muscles after walking or climbing stairs, which is relieved by a short period of rest. This condition is called intermittent claudication.

Other 症状 include:

  • Change in the color of the 腿
  • Changes in the toenails
  • 小腿或脚冷,尤指与另一条腿相比
  • Hair loss on the feet and 腿
  • Leg numbness or weakness
  • Sores on the toes, feet or 腿 that won't heal

诊断

In making a diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD), 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会记下你的全部病史,并为你做一次体检. 您还需要进行以下一项或多项测试来确认诊断:

  • Ankle-brachial index (ABI). 是否有一种简单的方法可以用脚腕测量腿部的血流量, 十大赌博平台排行榜会给你充气直到听不到脉搏跳动. 然后从袖带释放压力,记录你的血压.
  • 双超声. 检测血液在动脉和静脉中的流动情况
  • Computed tomography (CT). 血管造影术用于将血液输送到大脑的动脉形象化, 肺, 肾脏, 胳膊和腿.
  • Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). An exam of the blood vessels.

You may also have blood tests to measure your cholesterol, 同型半胱氨酸, an amino acid in the blood, and certain proteins.

治疗

心脏病专家, cardiac and vascular surgeons, 介入放射科十大赌博平台排行榜和其他专家一起为外周动脉疾病提供最有效的治疗方法,其中许多是在加州大学旧金山分校开发的, 或垫.

Your treatment will depend on the severity of your PAD. 许多患者可以通过改变生活方式等非侵入性疗法进行治疗, 药物治疗, 或两个. 如果你的病情对这些方法没有反应,手术可能是必要的. In the most advanced cases, limb amputation may be required.

Lifestyle changes:

  • Smoking cessation
  • 糖尿病的控制
  • Blood pressure management
  • Physical activity
  • Diet low in saturated fats
  • Cholesterol 药物治疗

药物

  • 预防血栓形成的药物,称为抗血小板疗法,如阿司匹林或氯吡格雷
  • 药物 to lower your cholesterol, 叫他汀类药物, such as simvastatin, atorvastatin or pravastatin
  • 可以帮助你走路的药物,比如西洛他唑或己酮茶碱
  • 治疗高血压的药物,叫做ACE抑制剂

手术

如果你的病情恶化或没有改善生活方式的改变和药物治疗, 心脏搭桥手术, endarterectomy or endovascular intervention may be necessary. 推荐的手术类型取决于堵塞的大小和位置.

Bypass surgery creates a detour, 或绕过, around the blocked artery so that blood can flow normally. To create this bypass, your vascular surgeon uses a graft, 哪一种可以由静脉的一部分或人造管制成. 这种旁路手术是为了取代被阻塞的动脉, creating a new path for blood to flow to your leg tissues.

动脉内膜切除术是从阻塞的动脉中去除斑块的手术. During the procedure, 你的血管外科十大赌博平台排行榜会在你的动脉上做一个切口,去除动脉内壁的斑块, restoring normal blood flow. 动脉内膜切除术的效果取决于阻塞的位置和严重程度. 它可以与其他手术一起进行,如搭桥手术.

血管内治疗是一种微创的非手术技术,可以打开或扩大已经变窄或阻塞的动脉. In a procedure called balloon angioplasty, 将导管插入腿部或手臂动脉,并送入阻塞的外周动脉. 一个与导管相连的球囊扩张以打开动脉. Surgeons may then place a wire mesh tube, 叫做支架, at the area of blockage to keep the artery open.

加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.

Recommended reading

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