Crohn's Disease

Signs & symptoms

Common symptoms of Crohn's disease include the following:

• Loose, watery or frequent bowel movements
• Abdominal cramps and pain
• Fever
• Rectal bleeding
• Loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss

During periods of active symptoms, you also may experience:

• Fatigue
• Joint pain
• Skin problems
• Fissures, or tears in the lining of the anus
• 瘘管是连接肠道与膀胱、阴道或皮肤的通道
• Oral or skin lesions

Diagnosis

首先，你的十大赌博平台排行榜会询问你的病史并进行身体评估. 没有一种单一的检测方法可以诊断克罗恩病, but rather a series of X-rays, laboratory tests, endoscopy and pathology tests that are used. These may include the following:

• Blood tests. 血液检查可以检查贫血，这可能表明肠道出血. Blood tests also may uncover a high white blood cell count, which is a sign of inflammation somewhere in the body. C反应蛋白，炎症的标志，也可能升高.
• Stool sample. 通过测试粪便样本，十大赌博平台排行榜可以判断肠道是否有出血或感染.
• Small bowel radiograph. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会做一个小肠检查来检查小肠. For this test, you will drink barium, a chalky solution that coats the lining of the small intestine, before X-rays are taken. 在x光片上钡和小肠边界的不规则显示为白色, revealing inflammation or other abnormalities in the intestine.
• Colonoscopy. The term "colonoscopy" means looking inside the colon. 结肠，或大肠，是你消化道的最后一部分. 它的主要功能是吸收水分，并在未被吸收的食物被消除之前储存它们. Colonoscopies are performed by a gastroenterologist, a doctor specially trained in digestive disorders. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜将由受过专门训练的护士和技术人员协助.

The procedure is performed using a colonscope. This device is a long, 柔性管，大约和你的食指一样粗，末端有一个小摄像机和灯. By adjusting the various controls on the colonscope, 胃肠科十大赌博平台排行榜可以仔细检查从肛门到盲肠的结肠内层，并可以进入小肠的末端, or terminal ileum, as well. 结肠镜包含一个通道，允许仪器通过，以便采集组织或粪便样本, remove polyps and provide other therapy.

结肠镜的高质量图像显示在电视显示器上. Colonoscopy provides the best imaging of the colon at present. It is a more precise examination than X-ray studies. 这个过程也允许其他器械通过结肠镜. These may be used, for example, 无痛切除可疑的生长物或进行活组织检查, where a small piece of tissue is obtained, for further analysis. In this way, 结肠镜检查可以帮助十大赌博平台排行榜评估是否需要手术以及可能需要什么类型的手术.

Treatments

虽然目前还没有治愈克罗恩病的方法，但有一些治疗方法可供选择.

Drug therapy

药物被用来抑制与克罗恩病相关的炎症反应, 这反过来又有助于肠道愈合和缓解症状. Once symptoms are under control, 药物治疗可以减少发作的频率，防止症状复发. 有几种可用于治疗克罗恩病的药物，包括氨基水杨酸盐, corticosteroids, immune modifiers and biologic therapy.

Surgery

When medications become ineffective or there is a complication, such as an intestinal obstruction or fistula, surgery may be necessary. Typically, surgery will remove the diseased part of the bowel. The two healthy ends of the bowel are then joined together. Although surgery can provide many symptom free years, it is not considered a cure as the disease usually recurs. As surgery is not curative, 它的目的是尽可能少地切除肠道的病变部分.

Ileostomy

During this surgical procedure, the surgeon creates a small opening in the abdomen, called a stoma, to which he or she attaches the end of the small intestine, called the ileum. 废物会穿过小肠，通过气孔排出体外, 它大约有25美分硬币那么大，通常位于腹部右下方靠近腰部的地方. 在开口处戴上一个袋子来收集废物，病人根据需要排空袋子.

Nutrition supplementation

Your doctor may recommend nutritional supplements. 少数患者可能需要不时地静脉注射. This can help those who temporarily need extra nutrition, 谁的肠道需要休息，谁的肠道不能从食物中吸收足够的营养.