Arteriovenous Malformation
Overview
动静脉畸形是动脉和静脉的异常缠结，属于一组被称为血管畸形的疾病. Although not completely understood, 它们通常在子宫内或出生后不久发育，可能与基因突变有关. 当动静脉畸形位于大脑或脊髓时，它们被称为神经动静脉畸形.
Although people are born with AVMs, symptoms may not develop until adulthood, often between 20 to 40 years of age, after the condition progresses, and in most adults, they cause no health problems. 然而，大约1%的患者会出现危及生命的并发症.
Serious complications occur when AVMs:
- 扰乱血液流动，减少到达大脑或脊柱的氧气量
- Rupture and bleed into surrounding tissues
- 变的太大以至于压迫或取代了大脑或脊髓的一部分
The most severe risk is bleeding, called a hemorrhage, in the brain, which can lead to a debilitating or fatal stroke.
Our Approach to Arteriovenous Malformation
Our team of neurologists, 神经外科十大赌博平台排行榜和神经放射学家每年治疗100多例动静脉畸形(avm)患者. We offer the full range of treatments, 包括在手术切除前栓塞以阻止血液流向动静脉畸形, as well as noninvasive radiosurgery, which uses a precisely targeted, 高剂量的辐射来破坏动脉畸形的血管.
Awards & recognition
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Among the top hospitals in the nation
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Best in California and No. 2 in the nation for neurology & neurosurgery
Signs & symptoms
大多数动静脉畸形患者没有任何症状. 对于那些确实有症状的人，最常见的包括:
- Abnormal sensations such as numbness or tingling
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Seizures
根据AVM的位置不同，症状可能差别很大. 其他症状包括记忆丧失、肌肉无力和视觉障碍，如部分视力. 一些研究人员认为，这种情况会导致细微的学习或行为障碍, long before other symptoms emerge.
最严重的并发症是脑出血，导致中风.
Damage from AVMs tend to build-up over time. In women, 由于血容量和血压的增加，怀孕有时会引发症状.
如果到40多岁或50多岁时还没有出现症状, AVMs typically remain stable.
由于动静脉畸形可能不会产生症状，它们可能在治疗其他疾病时被发现.
在儿童中，动静脉畸形是出血性中风的主要原因.
Diagnosis
以下检查可用于诊断动静脉畸形(AVM), as well as help identify its size, location and blood-flow pattern.
- Angiography This special X-ray exam 显示了一个人的血管结构，在avm的诊断和治疗计划中是必不可少的. During this procedure, 一种可以在x射线上看到的无害染料被注射到向大脑供血的动脉中. 这种染料可以沿着大脑血液流动的路径，显示出任何阻塞或泄漏.
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan With this test在美国，x射线束被用来创建大脑的三维图像. CT扫描通常可以检测到脑出血，称为出血，这表明AVM.
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) This procedure is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study 并提供血管的详细图像. Using a strong magnetic field, an MRI generates a 3-D image of the brain to detect, diagnose and aid the treatment of vascular disorders. The procedure is painless.
Treatments
Today, 目前有许多安全、高效的治疗动静脉畸形的方法。. These include surgery, radiation therapy, 使用一种叫做伽玛刀的设备进行栓塞和放射手术.
- Conventional Surgery 在许多情况下，可能建议手术完全切除动静脉畸形. 当AVM很小且位于大脑或脊髓表面时，这是合适的. When the AVM is deep in the brain, 其他微创技术用于防止周围组织受损.
- Embolization 栓塞术是一种通过阻塞周围血管来减少流向动静脉畸形的血液的技术. During this procedure, the AVM is filled with specially designed coils, 堵塞血管并减少血液流动的胶状物或球体. 栓塞通常不能永久地解决AVM，但使其在未来的手术中更容易管理.
- Radiosurgery The Gamma Knife, an advanced radiosurgery treatment, is often recommended for people with complex, deep-seated or brain-stem AVMs. Despite its name, the Gamma Knife isn't a knife at all. It delivers a single, very finely focused, high dose of radiation precisely to its target, 同时对周围组织几乎没有伤害. 高剂量的辐射破坏并最终关闭血管壁. 放射外科手术可以单独使用，也可以与其他治疗方法(如常规手术)结合使用.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
